保持谦逊,永远好奇

《Factfulness》一书通过数据挑战人们对世界的误解,强调谦虚和好奇的重要性。谦虚意味着意识到自身知识的局限,乐于承认不知道;好奇则是对新信息的开放态度,愿意接受与自己观点不符的事实。作者认为,保持谦虚和好奇是理解现实世界的关键,与乔布斯的“保持愚蠢,保持渴望”理念相似。
保持谦逊,永远好奇
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《Factfulness》是2018年出版的畅销书,作者是瑞典统计学家、医生汉斯·罗斯林(Hans Rosling)、他的儿子奥拉·罗斯林(Ola Rosling)和儿媳安娜·罗斯林·罗恩伦德(Anna Rosling Rönnlund)。这本书的副标题是"Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World - and Why Things Are Better Than You Think"(我们对世界的认知为何总是错的:现实远比你以为的美好)。
《Factfulness》通过数据和事实来挑战人们对世界的普遍误解。书中介绍了十种常见的思维倾向,导致我们对世界形成错误的(常常是更悲观的)认知。作者通过大量的数据和案例,展示了世界在很多方面(如健康、教育、贫困等)都在不断改善,而不是像许多人认为的那样每况愈下。

原文和译文

作者在最后一章说,要对现实世界有清醒和客观的认识,我们就就必须保持谦虚和好奇,避免思维陷阱。作者对谦虚和好奇是这样定的:
Being humble, here, means being aware of how difficult your instincts can make it to get the facts right. It means being realistic about the extent of your knowledge. It means being happy to say “I don’t know.” It also means, when you do have an opinion, being prepared to change it when you discover new facts. It is quite relaxing being humble, because it means you can stop feeling pressured to have a view about everything, and stop feeling you must be ready to defend your views all the time.
译文:谦虚,需要你时刻提醒自己,直觉可能会误导你,让你难以认清正确的事实。也就是说,你要清楚地认识自己的认知局限,要敢于和乐于说“我不知道”;在发现新的、不一样事实后,即使你有自己的观点,也应该果断改变自己原来的观点。谦虚能让人保持松弛,因为谦虚的人不会有压力,不用对所有事情都有成见,也不用时刻准备为自己的观点辩护。
Being curious means being open to new information and actively seeking it out. It means embracing facts that don’t fit your worldview and trying to understand their implications. It means letting your mistakes trigger curiosity instead of embarrassment. “How on earth could I be so wrong about that fact? What can I learn from that mistake? Those people are not stupid, so why are they using that solution?” It is quite exciting being curious, because it means you are always discovering something interesting.
译文:好奇,就是对新的信息保持开放态度,并积极主动寻求新的信息。好奇的人,能接受与你的世界观不符的事实,并努力理解它。面对自己犯的错,好奇的人不会感到尴尬,而是会去深入探究。“我怎么会在这件事上错得这么离谱?我能从这个错误中学到什么?那些与我意见相左的人并不愚蠢,那他们为什么要用这种方法?”充满好奇心是一件令人振奋的事情,因为好奇的人总能发现有趣的东西。
让我们来看看,从这两段话中可以学到哪些单词短语吧。

精读

humble

"humble" 是一个形容词,意思是谦逊、谦虚、不自负。例句:
  1. Despite his great success, he remained humble and always willing to learn from others. 尽管他取得了巨大的成功,他仍然保持谦逊,并且始终愿意向他人学习。
  1. She comes from humble beginnings but has achieved remarkable success through hard work. 虽然她出身卑微,但通过努力工作取得了令人刮目相看的成功。
  1. The scientist gave a humble acceptance speech, acknowledging the contributions of his entire team. 这位科学家的获奖演说非常谦逊,感谢了整个团队所做的贡献。

be aware of

"be aware of"是一个常用的英语短语,意思是"注意"、"感知"或"了解"。例句:
  1. Drivers should be aware of the new traffic rules to avoid getting fined. 司机们要注意新的交通规则,以避免被罚款。
  1. As a manager, you need to be aware of your team members' strengths and weaknesses. 作为经理,你需要了解团队成员的优点和缺点。
  1. It's important to be aware of the potential risks before making any investment decisions. 在做出投资决定之前,知道有潜在风险很重要。

feel pressured to do

"feel pressured to do" 是一个常用的英语短语,意思是感到有压力(而必须)去做某事,通常是因为外界的期望或要求。这个短语表达了一种被迫或不情愿的感觉。例句:
  1. Many students feel pressured to get perfect grades to please their parents. 许多学生觉得自己必须考满分才能让父母开心。
  1. Employees often feel pressured to work overtime to meet tight deadlines. 员工经常被迫加班,才能赶上迫在眉睫的截止日期。
  1. Some teenagers feel pressured to fit in with their peers by following the latest trends. 有的青少年觉得自己必须跟随最新潮流,才能融入同龄人群体。

curious

"curious" 是一个形容词,意思是好奇的,主要用来描述一个人对新事物或未知事物有强烈的求知欲和探索欲。例句:
  1. The curious child asked countless questions about how the solar system works. 好奇的孩子问了无数关于太阳系如何运作的问题。
  1. Scientists need to maintain a curious mindset to make new discoveries. 科学家们需要保持好奇的心态才能有新的发现。
  1. Her curious nature led her to explore remote corners of the world. 她好奇的天性驱使她探索世界上偏远的角落。
除了"好奇的"这个含义外,"curious" 还有另一个常用的意思,就是"奇怪的"、"古怪的"。这个用法通常用来描述不寻常或难以解释的事物或情况。大家比较熟悉的是《哈利·波特》第一部里Ollivander的那句台词:
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让我们来看几个例句:
  1. The old house made curious noises at night, which scared the new tenants. 这座老房子在夜里发出奇怪的声音,吓坏了新租户。
  1. She gave me a curious look when I mentioned her ex-boyfriend's name. 我提了一嘴她前男友的名字,她给了我一个古怪的眼神。
  1. The detective found a curious piece of evidence that didn't seem to fit with the rest of the case. 侦探发现了一个奇怪的证据,似乎与案件的其他部分不太吻合。

be open to

"be open to"是一个常用的英语短语,意思是"对……持开放态度"、"愿意接受"或"愿意考虑"。这个短语表示一个人对新的想法、建议或可能性持有积极和接纳的态度。
例句:
  1. The company is open to new ideas from employees to improve productivity. 公司愿意接受员工提出的提高生产力的新想法。
  1. As a leader, it's important to be open to feedback from your team members. 作为领导者,团队成员的反馈持开放态度很重要。
  1. She's always open to trying new cuisines from different cultures. 她总是乐于尝试来自不同文化的新食物。

embrace

"embrace" 是一个多义词,在这个上下文中,它的意思是"接受"、"欣然接受"或"欣然面对"。这个词通常用来表示一种积极的态度,即主动地、热情地接受某种想法、变化或挑战。
例句:
  1. We should embrace change as an opportunity for growth. 我们应该欣然接受/拥抱变化,将其视为成长的机会。
  1. The company decided to embrace new technologies to stay competitive. 公司决定全面采纳新技术以保持竞争力。
  1. Instead of fearing failure, try to embrace it as a learning experience. 与其害怕失败,不如欣然面对它,将其视为学习的经历。

implications

"implications" 是一个名词,通常用复数形式,意思是"(隐含)含义"、"影响"或"暗示"。这个词常用来描述某个行为、决定或事件可能带来的后果或影响,尤其是那些不直接或不明显的结果。
例句:
  1. The new policy has far-reaching implications for small businesses. 这项新政策对小企业有深远的影响
  1. We need to consider the ethical implications of using artificial intelligence in healthcare. 我们需要考虑在医疗保健中使用人工智能会造成什么道德上的后果
  1. The discovery of this ancient artifact has significant implications for our understanding of early human civilization. 这件古代文物的发现对我们理解早期人类文明有重要的意义

trigger

"trigger" 是一个多义词,在不同的上下文中可以有不同的含义。在本文中,它是动词,表示"引发"、"触发"或"导致"某事发生,可以简单地理解为因果关系 “cause”或者“lead to”。作为名词,它可以指"扳机"或"触发器"。。
例句:
  1. Loud noises can trigger anxiety in some people. 噪音可能引发某些人的焦虑。
  1. The company's poor financial report triggered a sharp drop in its stock price. 公司糟糕的财务报告导致其股价的急剧下跌。

on earth

"on earth" 是一个常用的英语习语,通常用于强调疑问句或感叹句,表示惊讶、困惑或不解。它的意思可以理解为"到底"、"究竟"或"到底是怎么回事"。这个短语常常用来加强语气,表达说话人的困惑或不满。
例句:
  1. What on earth are you doing in the kitchen at 3 AM? 凌晨三点,你在厨房里到底在干什么?
  1. How on earth did you manage to finish the project so quickly? 你怎么居然这么快就完成了这个项目的?
  1. Why on earth would anyone want to climb Mount Everest in winter? 谁会想不开要在冬天攀登珠穆朗玛峰啊?

exciting

"exciting" 是一个形容词,意思是"令人兴奋的"、"刺激的"或"使人激动的"。它用来描述能引起人们强烈情感反应,特别是兴奋或热情的事物、活动或经历,可以简单地理解为“让人欢呼雀跃的”。
例句:
  1. The roller coaster ride was so exciting that I wanted to go again immediately. 这次过山车之旅太刺激了,我想再玩一次。
  1. Reading adventure novels can be an exciting way to escape from everyday life. 阅读冒险小说让人心潮澎湃,能让人暂时逃离日常生活。

总结

简而言之,作者认为,谦虚就是要承认自己有不知道或者有知道的不够深入的东西,而好奇是要对自己不知道和不清楚的东西保持学习的热情。这和乔布斯所说的“stay foolish, stay hungry”是相同的道理。乔布斯的这句话,是说“人要时刻提醒自己,我其实知道的很少,同时,保持对新鲜知识和体验的渴望。”
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